Cooking encyclopedia When it goes wrong
Also called stew is chewy
Almost always not cooked long enough, not cooked too long.
80โ95 ยฐC (176โ203 ยฐF)
Put it back on, covered, at a bare simmer, and check again in forty minutes. A braise is done when a fork slides in and out without resistance โ not at a time, and not at a temperature.
Collagen converts to gelatin slowly above about 70 ยฐC. A cut can be well past its target temperature and still have unconverted collagen, which is what you are chewing. If the liquid was boiling rather than simmering, the muscle has also squeezed itself dry, so it may be tough AND dry โ more time still helps the collagen, but lower the heat.
Any braise, stew, or slow-cooked joint that disappoints.
Adding heat instead of time; taking the lid off to speed it up, which boils it; deciding a tough cut was the wrong cut when it was simply early.
Meridian cooking encyclopedia โ Watchman Productions