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ะกัะฟัะบะธ (ะกัะฑะธัะฐ)
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ะััะธะบะฐะฝั
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ะะตะปะพัััะบะธ
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ะัะณะฐััะบะธ
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ะะตะปัะบะธ
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ะััะทะธััะบะธ
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ะััะบะธ
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ะะฐะฝัะบะธ
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ะะฝะณะปะตัะบะธ (ะััััะฐะปะธัะฐ)
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ะะฝะณะปะตัะบะธ (ะะฐะฝะฐะดะฐ)
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ะะฝะณะปะตัะบะธ (ะะพะฒะธ ะะตะปะฐะฝะด)
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ะะฝะณะปะตัะบะธ (ะกัะตะดะธัะตะฝะต ะัะถะฐะฒะต)
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ะะฝะณะปะตัะบะธ (ะฃัะตะดะธัะตะฝะพ ะัะฐัะตะฒััะฒะพ)
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ะััะพะฝัะบะธ
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ะััะบะธ
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ะัะฐะปะธัะฐะฝัะบะธ
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ะะฐะฟะฐะฝัะบะธ
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ะะฐัะฐะปะพะฝัะบะธ
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ะะธะฝะตัะบะธ (ะะธะฝะฐ)
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ะะธะฝะตัะบะธ (ะขะฐัะฒะฐะฝ)
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ะะฐะพัะบะธ
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ะะตัะพะฝัะบะธ
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ะะธัะฒะฐะฝัะบะธ
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ะะฐัะฐััะบะธ
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ะะฐะปะฐััะบะธ
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ะะตะผะฐัะบะธ (ะััััะธัะฐ)
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ะะตะผะฐัะบะธ (ะะธั
ัะตะฝััะฐัะฝ)
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ะะตะผะฐัะบะธ (ะัะบัะตะผะฑััะณ)
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ะะตะผะฐัะบะธ (ะะตะผะฐัะบะฐ)
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ะะตะผะฐัะบะธ (ะจะฒะฐััะฐััะบะฐ)
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ะะพัะฒะตัะบะธ ะฑัะบะผะพะป
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ะะตััะธััะบะธ
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ะะพััะบะธ
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ะะพัััะณะฐะปัะบะธ (ะัะฐะทะธะป)
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ะะพัััะณะฐะปัะบะธ (ะะพัััะณะฐะปะธัะฐ)
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ะ ัะผัะฝัะบะธ
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ะ ััะบะธ
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ะกะปะพะฒะฐัะบะธ
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ะกะปะพะฒะตะฝะฐัะบะธ
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ะกัะฟัะบะธ (ะปะฐัะธะฝะธัะฐ)
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ะขะฐััะบะธ
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ะขะฐะผะธะปัะบะธ
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ะขัััะบะธ
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ะฃะบัะฐัะธะฝัะบะธ
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ะคะธะฝัะบะธ
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ะคัะฐะฝัััะบะธ (ะะฐะฝะฐะดะฐ)
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ะคัะฐะฝัััะบะธ (ะคัะฐะฝัััะบะฐ)
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ะฅะพะปะฐะฝะดัะบะธ (ะะตะปะณะธัะฐ)
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ะฅะพะปะฐะฝะดัะบะธ (ะฅะพะปะฐะฝะดะธัะฐ)
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ะฅัะฒะฐััะบะธ
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ะงะตัะบะธ
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ะจะฒะตะดัะบะธ
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ะจะฟะฐะฝัะบะธ
Substituting an ingredient
Ask what the ingredient is doing before you replace it.
What it is
Name its job โ acid, fat, sweetness, thickening, structure, aroma, colour โ and substitute for the job. Something that matches on flavour but not on function will change the dish far more than the reverse.
Why it works
Ingredients usually do more than one thing. Sugar sweetens, but it also holds moisture, softens texture and browns; egg flavours barely at all but binds, enriches and leavens; buttermilk adds acid that a chemical leavener may depend on. Swapping on taste alone is how a cake ends up flat and a sauce ends up thin.
When to use it
Any absent ingredient, any dietary adaptation, any regional substitution.
What goes wrong
Replacing an acid with something merely sour-tasting where a leavener needed the acid; swapping a fat that behaves differently at temperature; removing salt from a ferment or a cure, where it is doing the preserving.
Meridian cooking encyclopedia โ Watchman Productions