Diaspora
One of the most dispersed populations in Europe, by CLEARANCE, by poverty, by imperial service and by choice. NOVA SCOTIA and CAPE BRETON, where Canadian Gaelic was spoken into living memory and is being revived, with oatcakes and ceilidh food; the Carolinas and Appalachia; Otago in NEW ZEALAND, founded as a Free Church settlement, and Dunedin, which is the Gaelic name for Edinburgh; Australia; Ulster and thence America as the Scots-Irish. โ DIASPORA FOOD CHANGED: Burns Night, shortbread, oatcakes and whisky travelled better than the everyday kitchen, and what is kept abroad is mostly the ceremonial repertoire.
Languages: Scottish Gaelic, English
The Clearances and the Highland potato famine were major drivers of emigration.
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