Luxembourgish Food History

Historical period

Roman Belgica and the villa estates; the County and then Duchy from 963, and the House of Luxembourg that produced Holy Roman Emperors; Burgundian, Spanish, French, Austrian and again French rule, with the fortress rebuilt by each; the Grand Duchy from 1815 and the PARTITIONS — 1659, 1815 and above all 1839, when the larger French-speaking western half went to Belgium and the Grand Duchy was left with the Luxembourgish-speaking part; the German Zollverein from 1842 and the customs union with BELGIUM from 1921; iron and steel from the 1870s and the migration that came with it; occupation in both wars; and the EU institutions from 1952.