Vertical roasting: meat stacked and seasoned, the fire beside rather than beneath it, slicing to order. Nineteenth-century Anatolian in origin, and then re-made in Europe as a street food in its own right.
Vertical-spit döner is documented in nineteenth-century Ottoman Anatolia. The bread-and-salad döner sandwich now sold across Europe was assembled by Turkish migrants in 1970s Berlin. Both are recorded, and neither is collapsed into the other.documented