Cooking encyclopaedia When it goes wrong
Also called heavy loaf; no rise
Either the yeast did not work, the gluten cannot hold gas, or it was baked before it had risen.
Work through it in order. Was the yeast alive and not killed by hot water or direct salt? Does a piece of dough stretch thin without tearing? Did the shaped loaf actually grow before it went in? Each has a different fix.
Rise depends on gas produced AND a network able to hold it. Dead yeast produces no gas; under-developed gluten lets what gas there is escape; an under-proved loaf simply has not made it yet. Cold dough is slow rather than broken โ it usually needs hours, not help.
Any yeasted loaf, rolls, pizza, buns.
Water hot enough to kill yeast; salt tipped straight onto the yeast; too much flour added to stop it sticking, which stiffens the dough; judging proof by the clock in a cold kitchen.
Meridian cooking encyclopaedia โ Watchman Productions