Historical period
Amerindian settlement โ Trinidad was part of the South American mainland within human memory of sea-level change and its Indigenous peoples were Arawakan and Cariban; the SANTA ROSA FIRST PEOPLES COMMUNITY at Arima persists and is recognised. Spanish claim from 1498 with little settlement; the 1783 CEDULA OF POPULATION that invited French Catholic planters and their enslaved people, which is why a British colony speaks with French place names and had a French Creole; British capture in 1797; emancipation in 1834-38; INDIAN INDENTURE 1845-1917; Chinese from 1806 and again later; Portuguese Madeirans; Syrian and Lebanese traders; VENEZUELAN proximity and parang; oil from 1908, which made the country rich and import-dependent; independence in 1962; and the recent Venezuelan migration.
The 1783 Cedula of Population brought French Catholic planters and a French Creole to a colony that then became British.
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