Diaspora
⚠ A DIASPORA WITH TWO DISTINCT LAYERS, AND MERGING THEM IS THE ERROR. The first is Spanish-speaking Ladino Guatemalan; the second is MAYA-LANGUAGE-SPEAKING — K’iche’, Mam, Q’anjob’al, Q’eqchi’, Akateko and Chuj communities whose members may speak little Spanish, and whose largest concentrations are documented in places quite unlike the Ladino ones: the Q’anjob’al and Akateko of LOS ANGELES; the Mam and Q’anjob’al of southern Florida’s Indiantown and Immokalee; the Mam of Oakland and of Lynn, Massachusetts; the K’iche’ of Providence. Much of this movement is traceable to the armed conflict of 1960-96 and specifically to the early-1980s violence in the Ixil and Huehuetenango highlands, plus later economic and climate displacement. Also Mexico — Chiapas, where Guatemalan refugees settled from 1981 — Belize, Canada and Spain. The foods that travelled: tamales and chuchitos, tortillas made with imported or local masa, pepián, jocón, atol, rellenitos, pan dulce and Guatemalan coffee. ⚠ DO NOT INFER LANGUAGE OR ETHNICITY FROM A RESTAURANT NAME; this system records community association only where documented.
Languages: Spanish, K'iche', Mam, Q'anjob'al, Q'eqchi', Akateko, Chuj
⚠ TWO DISTINCT LAYERS. Q’anjob’al and Akateko in Los Angeles, Mam and Q’anjob’al in Indiantown and Immokalee, Mam in Oakland and Lynn, K’iche’ in Providence — traceable largely to the 1960-96 armed conflict and the early-1980s highland violence.
Guatemalan refugees settled in Chiapas from 1981.
⚠ The Maya-language-speaking diaspora is recorded as its own layer and not merged with the Spanish-speaking Ladino one.
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